Cancer is widely considered a genetic disease involving nuclear mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.

But is it a mitochondrial metabolic disease?

KDs target the Warburg effect, a biochemical phenomenon in which cancer cells predominantly utilize glycolysis instead of oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP.

The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor is a potential target for breast cancer treatment and may be influenced by dietary intake.

All the relevant data that supports the view that it is inflammation induced by several factors, such as platelet-activating factor (PAF), that leads to the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) rather than serum cholesterol. 

High carbohydrate intake was associated with higher risk of total mortality, whereas total fat and individual types of fat were related to lower total mortality. Total fat and types of fat were not associated with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular disease mortality, whereas saturated fat had an inverse association with stroke. Global dietary guidelines should be reconsidered in light of these findings.

Dietary fat and cardiometabolic health: evidence, controversies, and consensus for guidance

Abnormal distribution of plasma fatty acids and increased inflammation are prominent features of metabolic syndrome. We tested whether these components of metabolic syndrome, like dyslipidemia and glycemia, are responsive to carbohydrate restriction. In summary, a very low carbohydrate diet resulted in profound alterations in fatty acid composition and reduced inflammation compared to a low fat diet.

Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets have a positive effect on markers of health. Adherence to the allocation of carbohydrate was more easily achieved in MCD, and LCD groups compared to VLCKD and there were comparable improvements in weight loss and waist circumference and greater improvements in HDL-c and TG with greater carbohydrate restriction.

Authors present major evidence for low-carbohydrate diets as first approach for diabetes. Benefits do not require weight loss although nothing is better for weight reduction. Carbohydrate-restricted diets reduce or eliminate need for medication. There are no side effects comparable with those seen in intensive pharmacologic treatment.

Less intake of carbohydrates equals less hypo’s and less glucose variability. These studies have also shown that there is a 20% greater chance of an estimation error in a meal containing a high carbohydrate content versus a low carbohydrate content.

These results demonstrate that a novel metabolic and continuous remote care model can support adults with T2D to safely improve HbA_1c, weight, and other biomarkers while reducing diabetes medication use.

This Consensus Report is intended to provide clinical professionals with evidence based guidance about individualising nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or pre-diabetes. Strong evidence supports the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of nutrition therapy as a component of quality diabetes care, including its integration into the medical management of diabetes.

Exceptional glycemic control of T1DM with low rates of adverse events was reported by a community of children and adults who consume a VLCD. 

Dietary modification led to improvements in glycemic control and medication reduction/elimination in motivated volunteers with type 2 diabetes. The diet lower in carbohydrate led to greater improvements in glycemic control, and more frequent medication reduction/elimination than the low glycemic index diet. Lifestyle modification using low carbohydrate interventions is effective for improving and reversing type 2 diabetes.

Findings that have accumulated since 1990inform us that the role of SFA in the causation of CHD has been much exaggerated

Despite macronutrient proportions not aligning with current national dietary guidelines, a well-planned LCHF meal plan can be considered micronutrient replete. This is an important finding for health professionals, consumers and critics of LCHF nutrition, as it dispels the myth that these diets are suboptimal in their micronutrient supply. As with any diet, for optimal nutrient achievement, meals need to be well formulated.

Meal‐timing interventions facilitate weight loss primarily by decreasing appetite rather than by increasing energy expenditure. eTRF may also increase fat loss by increasing fat oxidation.

Summary of changes in the blood metabolome during 58 hr of fasting. Prolonged human fasting causes a much more metabolically active state than previously recognized. 

Some evidence suggests that alternate-day fasting may also prolong the life span.

The survival and reproductive success of all organisms depends upon their ability to obtain food. Accordingly, animals have evolved behavioural and physiological adaptations that enable them to survive periods of food scarcity or absence.

The first experimental evidence in humans that caloric restriction improves memory in the elderly. Our findings further point to increased insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammatory activity as mediating mechanisms.

The roles of macrophages in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis are increasingly investigated. Autophagy is a self-protecting cellular catabolic pathway. 

Hyperinsulinemia directly and indirectly contributes to a vast array of metabolic diseases including all inflammatory conditions, all vascular diseases, GD, T2D, NAFLD, obesity, certain cancers and dementias.

Men with conventional risk factors for IHD have a low risk of IHD if they have low TG--high HDL-C levels. 

Based on an estimate of attributable risk, 35% of IHD might have been prevented if all subjects had had low TG--high HDL-C levels.

Low fat vs low carb.

Abnormal distribution of plasma fatty acids and increased inflammation are prominent features of metabolic syndrome.

Consistent with the perspective that MetS is a pathologic state that manifests as dietary carbohydrate intolerance, these results show that compared with eucaloric high-carbohydrate intake, LC/high-fat diets benefit MetS independent of whole-body or fat mass.

The present review also questions whether there are still some preconceived ideas about ketogenic diets, which may be presenting unnecessary barriers to their use as therapeutic tools in the physician's hand.

Whereas only a decade ago the ketogenic diet was seen as an "alternative'' treatment of last resort, it has become more frequently used throughout the world. 

Consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model, lowering dietary carbohydrate increased energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance. This metabolic effect may improve the success of obesity treatment, especially among those with high insulin secretion.

The public health messaging around diet and exercise, and their relationship to the epidemics of type 2 diabetes and obesity, has been corrupted by vested interests .Celebrity endorsements of sugary drinks, and the association of junk food and sport, must end. The ‘health halo’ legitimisation of nutritionally deficient products is misleading and unscientific

In this study, premenopausal overweight and obese women assigned to follow the Atkins diet, which had the lowest carbohydrate intake, lost more weight at 12 months than women assigned to follow the Zone diet, and had experienced comparable or more favorable metabolic effects than those assigned to the Zone, Ornish, or LEARN diets [corrected] While questions remain about long-term effects and mechanisms, a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat diet may be considered a feasible alternative recommendation for weight loss.

Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets may be effective alternatives to low-fat diets. The more favorable effects on lipids (with the low-carbohydrate diet) and on glycemic control (with the Mediterranean diet) suggest that personal preferences and metabolic considerations might inform individualized tailoring of dietary interventions. 

Despite intensive research, the causes of the obesity epidemic remain incompletely understood and conventional calorie-restricted diets continue to lack long-term efficacy. According to the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM) of obesity, recent increases in the consumption of processed, high–glycemic-load carbohydrates produce hormonal changes that promote calorie deposition in adipose tissue, exacerbate hunger, and lower energy expenditure.